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All the above has led the World Health Organisation to say ENDS / vaping cannot be recommended as cessation aids instead it recommends methods with randomised controlled trials that enable smokers to quit nicotine completely 29

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Smokers beware: Chronic cough, shortness of breath could be COPD Chronic cough and shortness of breath could be signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is often caused by long-term tobacco smoking

The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among malaysian single electronic cigarette users

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